BASICS OF CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Basics of circuit analysis

What is  electrical Network?

          Any arrangement of the various electrical sources along with the different circuit elements is called an electrical network

What is Network element?

         Any individual circuit element with two terminals which can be connected to the other circuit element is called network element.Network elements are either passive or active elements.

Active Circuit Element

       The circuit elements which supply energy to the circuit are called active circuit element.Examples: voltage sources, current sources, and generators such as alternators, dc generators etc…

Voltage Source:
       Ideal voltage source is defined as the energy sources which gives constant voltages across it terminals irrespective of the current drawn through it terminal.

The symbol for ideal voltage source

Practical voltage source:

         But practically every voltage source has small internal resistance series with voltage source

       

Current source:

       Ideal current source is the source which gives constant current to terminals irrespective of the voltage  appearing across its terminals.

The symbol of ideal current sorces

           

Classification of electrical networks:

1.linear network:

       A circuit parameters like inductance,resistance,capacitance are always constant irrespective of the change time,voltage,temperature,etc is known as linear network.

        Ohms law can be applied to such network .

2.non linear network:

       A circuit whose parameters change their values with change in time temperature,voltage etc is know as non linear network.

       Ohms law cannot be applied such network.

3.bilateral network:

       Conduction of current in both directions in a circuit element with same magnitude is termed as bilateral circuit element.

        It offers same resistance to the current of either directions.

        Example: resistor, inductor, capacitor etc.

4.unilateral network:

        Conduction of current in only one direction is termed as unilateral circuit element. It does not offer same resistance to the current of either direction.

        The resistance of the unilateral circuit element is different for forward current than that of reverse current.
Example: diode, transistor etc.

5.Active network:

        A circuit contains at least one source of energy is called active network .an energy source may be a voltage or current source.

6.passive network:

       A circuit does not having any source of energy is called passive network.

7.lumped network:

        A network elements are physically separable is known as lumped network.

Most of the electrical networks are lumped in nature which consists of elements like R,L,C voltage source etc..

8.distributed network:

        A network elements cannot be physically separable for analysis purposes

is called distributed network.

The best example is :transmission line