TRANSFORMER-BASICs

BASIC DEFINITIONS :

Transformer is a static device which is used for transferring the electric power from one circuit to another circuit without changes in the frequency and it accomplishes this by electromagnetic induction or mutual inductance.

• The transformer has no rotating part so it is called static device.
• Transformer is a electromagnetic device designed for the transform of alternating current in to another one without changes in the frequency.
• Transformer with two winding's is called double-winding transformer and three or more winding's is termed is called multi-winding one.
• A tapped transformer is one whose winding's fitted with special taps for changing voltage.

step-up transformer:
A transformer raises the voltage level from the input voltage is called step-up transformer.
step-down transformer:
A transformer reduces the voltage level from the input voltage is step-down transformer.

WHAT IS ELECTRIC HEATING

INTRODUCTION:

Electric heating is extensively used for both domestic and industrial applications.Domestic application are room heaters,hot plates for cooking,electric kettles,electric ovens for bakeries,electric toasters etc...

Then industrial applications of electric heating melting of metals,heat treatment metals like soldering,moulding of glass,baking of insulators,enameling copper wires.

BATTERY OPERATED HEATERS:

This is the simple and basic circuit diagram for battery operated

transistor biasing circuit explanation

 Transistor biasing

what is transistor?

     A transistor consists of two pn junction formed by sandwiching either p-type or n-type semiconductor pair of opposite types.

     There are two types of transistors names 

1. n-p-n transistor
2. p-n-p transistor

transistor biasing:

    The basic function of transistor is to do amplification.so first we give a weak signal to the base of transistor and amplified output is obtained in the collector circuit.

    The proper flow of zero signal collector current and the maintenance of proper collector-emitter voltage during the passage of signal is known as Transistor biasing.

faithful amplification :

    The process of raising the strength of a weak signal without any changes in its general shape .This process is known as faithful amplification.

    This process is revealed that it will function properly if its input circuit base emitter junction is forward biased and output circuit of collector base junction remains reversed biased.

    The following basic condition must be satisfied

1. proper zero signal collector current.
2. Minimum proper base-emitter voltage (Vbe)at any instant.
3. Minimum proper collector-emitter voltage (Vce) at any instant.   

     The basic purpose of transistor biasing is keep the base-emitter junction properly forward biased and collector base junction is properly reverse biased during the application of signal.this is can be achieved with a bias battery or associationg a circuit with a transistor.